The headline figures
Pew Research Center's tabulation of the Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey put the total U.S. Black population at about 48.3 million people, or 14.4% of the country. That represents a 33% increase since 2000, when the figure was about 36.2 million.
Where the growth is coming from
The single most important detail in that headline is composition. The multiracial, non-Hispanic Black population grew 269% between 2000 and 2023, reaching roughly 5.6 million people. That is a different kind of growth than a single-race population increase, and it reflects how identity reporting has changed alongside the population itself.
Reading the numbers responsibly
Pew is explicit that its figures come from self-identification on a survey, and that racial and ethnic categories in U.S. census data have changed over time — question wording, formatting, and instructions all included. Pew has also published a correction to one of the charts in the fact sheet, revising the 2023 multiracial, non-Hispanic Black figure. When you cite these numbers, cite the version you actually read.